点火药量对双脉冲固体火箭发动机点火过程影响

为了确定第二脉冲点火药量对双脉冲发动机点火过程的影响规律,以某双脉冲固体火箭发动机为模型,采用轴对称非定常Navier-Stokes方程和标准k-e湍流模型,对第二脉冲点火过程进行了仿真,研究了点火装置工作持续时间和点火燃气流量对于点火延迟的影响.研究结果表明:点火燃气流量相同时,增加点火装置工作持续时间可以有效减小第...     

提高GPS单频相位模糊度解算成功率的新方法

相位模糊度的成功解算是应用单频接收机进行高精度快速定位的关键。为了提高整周模糊度解算成功率,本文提出了一种新的算法,包括两项措施：(1)针对仅由几个历元组成的双差法方程系数阵存在着较严重病态性的结构特性,合理设计正则化矩阵,并在此基础上运用截断奇异值法求解模糊度实数解,使模糊度实数解更稳定和可靠,接近真实值;(2)在用最小二乘降相关平差(Least—squares ambiguity decorrrelation adiustment,LAMB—DA)方法进行模糊度搜索时,在Ratio检验的基础上,应用2个分析和比较的准则,对输出的多组候选整数模糊度向量进行分析和比较,甄别出正确的整数模糊度向量。算例表明,新方法不但缩短了模糊度解算所需要的观测时间,提高了模糊度实数解的可靠性和精度,而且显著地提高了整周模糊度解算的成功率。本文为单频接收机在高精度快速动态定位甚至实时定位等方面的广泛应用,提供了新的研究思路。     

机场跑道改性沥青混凝土抗冲击性能

为研究中高应变率下NRP和掺高粘剂的SBS两种改性剂对AC-13型沥青混凝土动力性能的影响,采用直径74 mm SHPB装置进行了4个气压下的冲击压缩试验,获得了不同种类改性沥青混凝土的破坏形态及应力-应变曲线。研究表明：沥青混凝土动态应力-应变曲线分为弹性变形、塑性强化和塑性破坏3个阶段,破坏形态分为裂缝、破损、块裂和碎裂4种;两种改性剂均能改善沥青混凝土的抗冲击性能,并且对峰值应力和冲击韧性的应变率敏感性有一定影响,在不同应变率范围内两种改性剂对冲击韧性增强作用不同,NRP对峰值应力增强作用优于掺高粘剂的SBS;应变率超过130/s时,沥青混凝土出现弹性模量退化现象,NRP对弹性模量有提高作用。     

基于排队论的终端区航班进场时间预测

为了提高终端区航班运行效率,本文将基于排队模型对终端区航班进场时间进行预测,以便尽早发现进场时间过长、进场效率低的航班,从而提前采取应对措施,确保航班正常运转。以天津滨海国际机场为例的研究结果表明,终端区内航班到达规律服从泊松分布,服务时间服从Gamma分布,本文建立的一般服务时间M/G/1排队模型能较好地预测航班进场时间,以15 min为单位的终端区航班进场时间预测的平均绝对误差在1 min左右。本文所建排队模型通过抓住进场交通流的整体流动特征来对进场时间进行预测,降低了现有模型难度,预测结果可以为改善管制工作带来更直接的指导建议。     

三浮陀螺仪沿输出轴误差系数DO的产生机理分析

目前,三浮陀螺仪误差模型包含沿输出轴的一次项误差系数DO,该误差项尚无明显的物理意义,但 DO的标定结果在0.0002(°)/(h·g)～0.015(°)/(h·g).针对三浮陀螺仪的结构特点和测试方法分析了DO的产生机理,通过调整安装误差角的试验说明安装误差角带来的天向地速和一次项分量会影响DO,因此系统在选用陀螺误差模型时,需关注由测试方法带来的误差.同时,陀螺在设计、生产和调试过程中对安装误差角的影响应予以重视.最后用统计检验的方法说明DO对误差模型的线性影响不显著,为系统选取陀螺误差模型提供依据.     

Beam-pointing error compensation method of phased array radar seeker with phantom-bit technology

A phased array radar seeker (PARS) must be able to effectively decouple body motion and accurately extract the line-of-sight (LOS) rate for target missile tracking.In this study,the real time two-channel beam pointing error (BPE) compensation method of PARS for LOS rate extraction is designed.The PARS discrete beam motion principium is analyzed,and the mathematical model of beam scanning control is finished.According to the principle of the antenna element shift phase,both the antenna element shift phase law and the causes of beam-pointing error under phantom-bit conditions are analyzed,and the effect of BPE caused by phantom-bit technology (PBT) on the extraction accuracy of the LOS rate is examined.A compensation method is given,which includes coordinate transforms,beam angle margin compensation,and detector dislocation angle calculation.When the method is used,the beam angle margin in the pitch and yaw directions is calculated to reduce the effect of the missile body disturbance and to improve LOS rate extraction precision by compensating for the detector dislocation angle.The simulation results validate the proposed method.     

Quasi-static tensile behavior of large-diameter thin-walled Ti–6Al–4V tubes at elevated temperature

As promising light-weight and high-performance structure components, large-diameter thin-walled(LDTW) Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy(TC4) bent tubes are needed most urgently in many industries such as aviation and aerospace. Warm bending may be a feasible way for manufacturing these components. Understanding their temperature and strain rate dependent tensile behavior is the foundation for formability improvement and warm bending design. In this paper, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted at elevated temperatures ranging from 298 K to 873 K at tensile velocities of 2, 10, 15 mm/min. The main results show that the tensile behavior of LDTW TC4 tubes is different from that of TC4 sheets. The typical elongation of TC4 tubes at room temperature is 10%lower than that of TC4 sheets. The flow stress of TC4 tubes decreases greatly by about 50% with the temperature rising to 873 K. At temperatures of 573–673 K, the hardening exponent is at its highest value, which means the deformation mechanism changes from twining to more dislocation movement by slipping. The fracture elongation of TC4 tubes fluctuates with increasing temperature,which is associated with changes in the deformation mechanism and with the blue brittleness. The fractography of TC4 tubes at various temperatures, especially at 673 K, shows that second phases and impurities significantly influence fracture elongation. By considering the characteristics of the tensile behavior and by properly choosing the die material, the warm bending for TC4 tubes can be achieved at temperatures of 723–823 K.     

基于数据预测的静电除尘器闪络故障恢复策略

静电除尘器除尘效率极大地取决于电场电压输出,其控制关键在于电场发生闪络故障后的电压恢复策略。经典闪络故障恢复方法,如三线法、二线法,大多通过设定较长的低电压运行区间或设定输出电压上限实现电压输出控制,前者平均电压输出过低,而后者对电场特性的变换适应能力不足。为克服上述方法的不足,本文提出一种基于支持向量回归数据预测的方法,通过对临近故障电压的分析,推测出当前电场可能的闪络故障电压,并以此为基础,对二线法进行改进。4组不同工况的对比实验结果证明,本文方法不仅保留了三线法的环境自动适应能力,而且提高了系统的平均电压输出,其优越性得到验证。     

基于红外热成像的TC4钛合金光纤激光焊接接头拉伸力学性能研究

对光纤激光焊接2.5mm厚TC4对接接头的拉伸力学性能进行研究,其研究方法为在常规的拉伸试验中,附加同步的红外热像测量,实时记录拉伸全过程中试样在力作用下温度场的变化。常规测试结果表明:接头与母材的强度相当,延伸率只达到母材的59.53%。试样温度场测试结果表明:当接头和母材受到的轴向载荷低于屈服强度对应载荷时,接头在热影响区部位会产生较大的应力集中,但接头和母材均未产生明显的塑性变形;当载荷等于屈服强度对应载荷时,均在宏观屈服点之前发生了微观的塑性变形;当载荷等于抗拉强度对应载荷时,接头发生剧烈塑性变形区域的长度只达到母材的35%,且接头与母材发生剧烈塑性变形区域的长度随拉伸过程的进行逐渐增加。     

垂直发射水下航行体的通气空化数值模拟研究

基于均相流模型对垂直发射水下航行体周围的通气空化流动进行了三维数值模拟,通过与试验得到的压力数据比较验证了数值方法的可靠性,并讨论了通气时序对通气空化流场的影响。结果表明:计算结果与试验吻合较好,通气能提高空泡内压力且不同位置压力一致,空泡末端存在回射高压;随着通气时刻提前,泡内压力和回射高压增大;空泡的发展过程伴随着旋涡的形成与演变,通入空泡的气体有3种流向,气体的运动导致空泡内产生多个旋涡,旋涡的种类可以分为3类。